Glossary terms from course 2, module 6

Cloud computing: The concept and technological approach of accessing data, using applications, storing files, etc. from anywhere in the world as long as you have an internet connection

Error detection: The ability for a protocol or program to determine that something went wrong

Error recovery: The ability for a protocol or program to attempt to fix an error

Flow label field: 20-bit field that’s used in conjunction with the traffic class field for routers to make decisions about the quality of service level for a specific datagram

Hop limit field: An 8-bit field that’s identical in purpose to the TTL field in an IPv4 header

Host file: A simple text file that consists of one or more lines, each of which contains a hostname and an IP address

Hybrid cloud: A cloud computing environment that combines on-premises private cloud resources with public cloud resources

Hypervisor: A piece of software that runs and manages virtual machines while also offering guests a virtual operating platform that’s indistinguishable from actual hardware

ICMP: Internet control message protocol is used by router or remote hosts to communicate error messages when network problems prevent delivery of IP packets

ICMP payload: Piece of the packet which lets the recipient of the message know which of their transmissions caused the error being reported

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): A subset of cloud computing where a network and servers are provided for customers to run their services

IPv6 tunnel brokers: Companies that provide IPv6 tunneling endpoints for you, so you don’t have to introduce additional equipment to your network

IPv6 tunnel: IPv6 tunnel servers on either end of a connection take incoming IPv6 traffic and encapsulate it within traditional IPv4 datagrams

Link-local unicast address: Allow for local network segment communications and are configured based upon a host’s MAC address

Loopback address: An IP address that always points to itself. This type of address is used to test internal pathing through the TCP/IP protocols

Multicast: A way of addressing groups of hosts all at once

Next header field: Defines what kind of header is immediately after this current one

Payload length field: 16-bit field that defines how long the data payload section of the datagram is

Platform as a service: A subset of cloud computing where a platform is provided for customers to run their services

Private cloud: When a company owns the services and the rest of the cloud infrastructure, whether on-site or in a remote data center

Public cloud: The cloud services provided by a third party

Public DNS servers: Name servers specifically set up so that anyone can use them for free

Registrar: An organization responsible for assigning individual domain names to other organizations or individuals

Software as a Service (SaaS): A way of licensing the use of software to others while keeping that software centrally hosted and managed

Traffic class field: An 8-bit field that defines the type of traffic contained within the IP datagram and allows for different classes of traffic to receive different priorities

Version field: First field in an IP header that specifies the version of IP

Virtualization: A single physical machine called a host runs many individual virtual instances called guests